Medulloblastoma is the most prevalent brain tumor type in children. It is also called a cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)—that starts in the region of the brain at the base of the skull, called the posterior fossa. In the United States, about 400 children are diagnosed with #medulloblastoma every year. The survival rate of Medulloblastoma is about 70%.

What is a brain tumor?
A brain tumor occurs as a result of an abnormal growth or spread of cells from within the brain or its supporting tissues that can damage the brain. 
Glioblastoma (also known as GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. It accounts for 48 percent of all primary malignant brain tumors. As per National Brain Tumor Society more than 10,000 individuals in the United States lose their life because of #glioblastoma every year. Prognosis of the patients with #GBM is very low (< 15 months).
Let's look at different stages of GBM where A.I. is playing a critical role in helping healthcare professionals.
Diagnosis
Brain tumor diagnosis is typically a two-step process: MRI & Biopsy
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Doctors use MRI to detect the presence of tumors in the brain. #MRI is non-ionizing, non-invasive technique and provides good spatial and temporal resolution. But the segmentation and delineation of MRI images is time consuming and accuracy depends on expertise of the person analyzing the images. 
Deep learning algorithms are now helping radiologists to accurately identify and segment the tumors in MRI scans. Multiple images of brain are acquired using volumetric MRI. T1-weighted and T2-weighted are the most common MRI sequences. Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (Flair) is also a frequently used sequence in brain tumors.
Different types of MRI sequences help with delineation of the GBM. Edema, a fluid like collection surrounding the tumor cells is best visible in the Flair and T2 sequence. Necrotic region (dead cells) and enhancing tumor is very well seen in T1 post contrast sequence. 

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization reported 18 million new cancer cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths across the globe in 2020, approximately 49,000 new cases and 26,000 deaths every day. Cancer also has significant and increasing impacts on the economy. The annual economic cost of cancer is estimated at approximately $1.16 trillion. 
There was a time when cancer was essentially a death sentence. However, in the last few decades, researchers across the world have made major advances in the mechanics behind how to prevent, diagnose,  and treat cancer. Artificial Intelligence is now rapidly changing the field of oncology. From enhancing diagnosis to personalizing treatment to discovering novel anticancer drugs,  AI has made significant contributions to various aspects of oncology research in just a few years.
Cancer is not a single ailment, rather there are many types affecting human health. The picture below depicts a few different types for men and women.